This monograph covers the reprocessing of hemodialyzers, including a brief history, the monitoring of patients and dialyzers, anticoagulation strategies, effects of reprocessing on solute clearances, personnel qualifications and training, the monitoring and prevention of disease transmission in reuse facilities, common pitfalls of reuse programs, continuous quality improvement, and Health Care Financing Administration regulation. Based on presentations given at AAMI short course on dialyzer reprocessing held in conjunction with AAMI Annual Meetings (June 1997, May 1995, and June 1992).